Humanity has come a long way in the last few thousand years, but we still have a long way to go. Jimmy Akin and Dom Bettinelli ask, as we continue to progress, is there a way of classifying our civilization and making reasonable predictions? Some scientists have come up with a scale to do just that.

https://mysterious.fm/348

Further Resources:
• Michio Kaku’s book The Physics of the Impossible: https://amzn.to/41kGxAo
• John Horgan’s book The End of Science: https://amzn.to/3ZImASX
• Kardashev’s 1964 paper (English): https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1964SvA.....8..217K
• Kaku’s article “The Physics of Extraterrestrial Civilization”: https://mkaku.org/home/articles/the-physics-of-extraterrestrial-civilizations/
• Kaku’s article “The Physics of Interstellar Travel”: https://mkaku.org/home/articles/the-physics-of-interstellar-travel/
• The Great Filter Hypothesis: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Filter
• Silurian Hypothesis: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurian_hypothesis
• John Horgan’s new doubts about his book The End of Science: https://johnhorgan.org/cross-check/my-doubts-about-the-end-of-science
• Sabine Hossenfelder video on the end of science debate: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KW4yBSV4U38
• Philip Metzer’s paper “Nature’s Way of Making Audacious Space Projects Viable”: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20110016183/downloads/20110016183.pdf
• Nicholas Loris on “Drilling our way out of the problem”: https://www.heritage.org/energy-economics/commentary/obama-was-wrong-oil-we-did-drill-our-way-out-the-problem
• Average U.S. gas prices (not adjusted for inflation): https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=pet&s=emm_epm0_pte_nus_dpg&f=m
• U.S. inflation calculator: https://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm